Pengembangan Desain Masker N95 dengan Filter Vulkanik Berbahan Alami (Kulit Jagung) untuk Mitigasi Bencana Gunung Merapi Sumatera Barat
Keywords:
Masker N95, Bahan alami kulit jagung, Abu vulkanikAbstract
Gunung Marapi di Sumatera Barat merupakan gunung api aktif dengan sejarah erupsi yang panjang dan sering, menyebabkan ancaman signifikan bagi penduduk sekitarnya akibat hujan abu vulkanik. Abu vulkanik mengandung partikel halus (PM) yang berbahaya jika terhirup, menyebabkan masalah pernapasan dan masalah kesehatan lainnya. Masker N95 efektif dalam menyaring abu vulkanik, namun memiliki keterbatasan seperti ketersediaan yang terbatas saat keadaan darurat, harga yang relatif mahal, dan masalah lingkungan karena sifatnya yang sintetis dan tidak dapat terurai secara hayati. Fokus pada penelitian ini yaitu pengembangan filter abu vulkanik alami dari kulit jagung,yang bertujuan menjadi alternatif material ramah lingkungan dan alami untuk masyarakat yang tinggal di dekat Gunung Marapi. Metodologi penelitian melibatkan persiapan filter kulit jagung melalui proses delignifikasi, aktivasi kimia, dan karbonisasi untuk meningkatkan porositas dan efisiensi filtrasi. Selanjutnya dilakukan fabrikasi masker N95, dengan menggabungkan filter kulit jagung yang telah diaktivasi ke dalam desain yang memprioritaskan ergonomi dan kepatuhan terhadap standar NIOSH untuk perlindungan pernapasan. Kinerja masker yang dikembangkan kemudian dievaluasi secara ketat melalui uji efisiensi filtrasi menggunakan abu vulkanik Gunung Marapi, uji permeabilitas udara untuk memastikan kemampuan bernapas dan kenyamanan, dan uji ketahanan fisik dan kimia untuk menilai daya tahan dan umur panjangnya. Penelitian ini berupaya untuk memberikan solusi yang berkelanjutan dan bersumber dari lokal untuk perlindungan abu vulkanik, mempromosikan ketahanan masyarakat dan kesiapsiagaan bencana dalam menghadapi bahaya vulkanik.
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